Search results for " cannabinoids"

Simultaneous determination of third-generation synthetic cannabinoids in oral fluids using cyclodextrin-silica porous sorbents

2022

Abstract A microporous material made of cyclodextrin units covalently immobilized into a silica network has found an innovative bioanalytical application in the sample clean-up and simultaneous isolation of three synthetic cannabinoids (ADB-CHMICA, MMB-CHMICA, and MDMB-CHMCZCA) from human oral fluid through solid-phase extraction. The subsequent quantitation is carried out using liquid chromatography coupled to fluorescence detection. The optimized experimental procedure gives recoveries ranging from 76% to 96% in oral fluid samples spiked with the studied cannabinoids at the µg L-1 level. High selectivity is obtained through the extraction procedure due to the presence of cyclodextrin in t…

Metabolism of third generation synthetic cannabinoids using zebrafish larvae.

2021

Synthetic cannabinoids are the second largest group of new psychoactive substances reported by the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in the last decade and case reports bring attention to its high potency effects and its severe toxicity, including fatalities. Moreover, synthetic cannabinoids are usually entirely metabolized and metabolic pathways for many new generation synthetic cannabinoids are still unknown. In this study, the metabolism of five third generation synthetic cannabinoids were evaluated using zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae as 24-hours in vivo model studied within 5 days after fertilization. The studied synthetic cannabinoids were MMB-CHMICA, ADB-CHMICA, ADB-CHMINACA, …

Different expression of PPARs in WIN-treated cells: the game of roles

2012

Determination of Third-Generation Synthetic Cannabinoids in Oral Fluids.

2020

Abstract A procedure has been developed for the determination of third-generation synthetic cannabinoids in oral fluid samples by using a semi-automated microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS) procedure and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) determination. Five synthetic cannabinoids were employed as model compounds 5F-ADB, MMB-CHMICA, THJ-2201, CUMYL-4CN-BINACA and MDMB-CHMCZCA. The most adequate operative conditions for MEPS were evaluated giving quantitative recoveries, from 89 to 124%, in synthetic and field saliva samples spiked with 125 and 250 μg/L of the studied cannabinoids, with the exception of MDMB-CHMCZCA in field saliva samples that provided slightly lower recoverie…

p8 (candidate of metasiasis 1) drives ER-stress/autophagy/apoptosis axis induced by the synthetic cannabinoid WIN in HCC cells.

2010

Background: Today, evidence is emerging for the role of autophagy in the regulation of life and death of tumour cells and its relationship with ER-stress signaling. Our previous results demonstrated that hepatoma HepG2 cells are sensitive to apoptotic effects induced by WIN, a synthetic cannabinoid, which acts through a mechanism involving the reduction in the levels of some survival factors and the activation of pro-apoptotic ones. Since WIN effects were observed after 36−48 hours of treatment, we investigated the possible activation of ER-stress and autophagic process in the first hours of WIN treatment focusing our attention on p8, a factor whose expression is upregulated in response to …

Involvement of TRPV1 channels in the activity of the cannabinoid WIN 55,212-2 in an acute rat model of temporal lobe epilepsy

2016

The exogenous cannabinoid agonist WIN 55,212-2, (R)-(+)-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl) pyrrolo[1,2,3-de]-1,4-benzoxazin-6-Yl]-1-naphthalenylmethanone (WIN), has revealed to play a role on modulating the hyperexcitability phenomena in the hippocampus. Cannabinoid-mediated mechanisms of neuroprotection have recently been found to imply the modulation of transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), a cationic channel subfamily that regulate synaptic excitation. In our study, we assessed the influence of pharmacological manipulation of TRPV1 function, alone and on WIN antiepileptic activity, in the Maximal Dentate Activation (MDA) acute model of temporal lobe epilepsy. Our r…

Sensitive Screening of New Psychoactive Substances in Serum Using Liquid Chromatography-Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry.

2021

Abstract Analysis of new psychoactive substances (NPS) still poses a challenge for many institutions due to the number of available substances and the constantly changing drug market. Both new and well-known substances keep appearing and disappearing on the market, making it hard to adapt analytical methods in a timely manner. In this study we developed a qualitative screening approach for serum samples by means of liquid chromatography--quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Samples were measured in data-dependent auto tandem mass spectrometry mode and identified by fragment spectra comparison, retention time and accurate mass. Approximately 500 NPS, including 195 synthetic cannabino…

Mono-/polyintoxication with 5F-ADB: A case series.

2019

Abstract 5F-ADB is an indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid. In recent years, it has been detected in legal high products as well as in biological samples and is associated with serious adverse health, behavioral effects and even death. Due to the fast pace of the market of synthetic cannabinoids, data on such newly appearing substances are scarce. As pharmacological properties are often investigated in vitro or by using animal experiments, reports on synthetic cannabinoid findings in human samples along with corresponding case history descriptions are valuable for the interpretation of upcoming routine cases. Herein we report five cases with verified 5F-ADB consumption, including three fata…

Ion mobility spectrometry and high resolution mass-spectrometry as methodologies for rapid identification of the last generation of new psychoactive …

2018

A new drug trafficking trend has been observed in the last years by the introduction in the black market of new psychoactive substances (NPS) in order to difficult competent authority controls. In this study, ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) and high-resolution mass-spectrometry (HRMS) were proposed as vanguard and rearguard methodologies for the rapid identification of the last generation of NPS in seizures. The combined use of IMS and HRMS has been evaluated through the analysis of 24 NPS seized from 2016 to 2018 in Valencia (Spain) to demonstrate the utility of this approach. The characteristic reduced mobility (K0) values for seized NPS were determined and mass-mobility relationships wer…

Detection and characterization of emerging psychoactive substances by ion mobility spectrometry

2014

Rapid detection and identification of novel psychoactive substances (NPS) continues to present significant analytical challenges to forensic and analytical chemists. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) has been traditionally considered as the analytical technique of choice to detect illicit drugs in security points in airports, borderlines and customs. Databases of the reduced mobility (K0 ) values of illicit drugs are available in the scientific literature and they should be completed with data of emerging designer drugs. In this paper, we have evaluated the effect of different measurement conditions and determined the K0 values of an important number of NPS including different families; such …